On Sports Law: How Michael Jordan and Bulls’ Last Dance Changed NBA’s Salary Structure

By Dan Lust for LVSportsBiz.com

 

In 1997 and 1998, Michael Jordan — at the forefront of the American media thanks to a 10-part, five-week documentary series on ESPN — was not just the highest paid player in the NBA. He earned more than most teams’ entire rosters.

As the greatest of all time, Jordan deserved it. But it was exposing a flaw in the CBA.

For the NBA 1996-97 season, the salary cap for each team was set at $24.3 million. But keep in mind that teams were allowed to exceed the cap to re-sign their own players without penalty.

Jordan signed a one-year $30.1 million deal, shattering the $18.7 million contract set by Patrick Ewing the year before for the NY Knicks.

Jordan’s deal, at the time, pointed to greener pastures for athletes across the professional sports landscape. Owners took notice that he had clearly reset the contract market. To offer context, Jordan’s one-year $30.1 million deal was:

• five times the highest paid player  in the NHL (Wayne Gretzky)
• three times the highest paid player in Major League Baseball (Cecil Fielder)
• two times the salary of the highest best plater in the NFL (Deion Sanders)

 

In the 1997-98 season, Jordan signed another one-year deal. This time, he earned $33.1 million for the season, breaking his own record from the previous year.
For second year in a row, the Bulls took advantage of the CBA, which allowed them to pay Jordan as much as they wanted without penalty. But salaries around the NBA rose year-over-year as Jordan drove up the market. Players couldn’t say they deserved more than him, but stars asking for one-third of his salary ($11 million) suddenly sounded reasonable. Still, with only a $26.9 million salary cap that year, this trend was becoming a problem. Check out those salaries during those two seasons.
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Chicago’s ability to give Jordan an uncapped contract, made the Bulls the highest paid team in the league both years. Teams felt this CBA loophole provided an unfair advantage.
For example, when the Bulls played the Jazz in the 1997 and 1998 finals, Jordan made more than the entire Utah team.ImageImage
When Jordan retired after 1998, owners wanted to change rules to slow down the progression of salaries. A battle ensued with the union and led to the 1998–99 NBA lockout. It lasted from July 1 – Jan. 20, shortening the season to 50 games. It forced the All-Star Game to be cancelled.Image
When the smoke cleared, the NBA had instituted a “maximum salary” rule. It capped salaries, topping out at the maximum of 35 percent of the team cap, 105 percent of the player’s previous salary, or $14 million for players with 10+ years of experience. Existing contracts were to be “grandfathered” in. This new rule dramatically curtailed salaries, allowing Jordan to hold the highest salary record for nearly 20 years. In 2017, Steph Curry ($34.7 million)and LeBron James ($33.3 million finally broke Jordan’s one-year salary mark. It took them that long to reach Jordan’s single-season salary because of the max salary rules in place.Image

Later CBA’s fortified an additional rule known as the “luxury tax,” which penalized teams monetarily that went over the salary cap to pay their players.

The 1997 and 1998 Bulls championship teams violated both of these rules and may have been the reason behind their creation.

It begs the question of whether a team in the modern NBA, bound by these CBA restrictions, can ever replicate Chicago’s six championships in eight years.

Until that happens, it will be hard for any new contender to challenge the Chicago Bulls place in NBA history.

#TheLastDanceImage


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Alan Snel

Alan Snel brings decades of sports-business reporting experience to LVSportsBiz.com. Snel covered the business side of sports for the South Florida (Fort Lauderdale) Sun-Sentinel, the Tampa Tribune and Las Vegas Review-Journal. As a city hall beat reporter, Snel also covered stadium deals in Denver and Seattle. In 2000, Snel launched a sport-business website for FoxSports.com called FoxSportsBiz.com. After reporting sports-business for the RJ, Snel wrote hard-hitting stories on the Raiders stadium for the Desert Companion magazine in Las Vegas and The Nevada Independent. Snel is also one of the top bicycle advocates in the country.